#502 – Psychiatry, Insane Asylums, Mental Illness, ECT, Lobotomies, Freud & Jung

Show notes

Andrew Scull is a historian of psychiatry. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: [https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc]( https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc">https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. **Transcript:** [https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript]( https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript">https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript **CONTACT LEX:** **Feedback** – give feedback to Lex: [https://lexfridman.com/survey]( https://lexfridman.com/survey">https://lexfridman.com/survey **AMA** – submit questions, videos or call-in: [https://lexfridman.com/ama]( https://lexfridman.com/ama">https://lexfridman.com/ama **Hiring** – join our team: [https://lexfridman.com/hiring]( https://lexfridman.com/hiring">https://lexfridman.com/hiring **Other** – other ways to get in touch: [https://lexfridman.com/contact]( https://lexfridman.com/contact">https://lexfridman.com/contact **EPISODE LINKS:** Andrew’s Website (UCSD faculty page): [https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html]( https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html">https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html Desperate Remedies (book): [https://amzn.to/4vmBquI]( https://amzn.to/4vmBquI">https://amzn.to/4vmBquI Madness in Civilization (book): [https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I]( https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I">https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I **SPONSORS:** To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: **Wispr Flow:** AI-powered voice dictation app. Go to [https://wisprflow.ai/lex]( https://lexfridman.com/s/wispr\_flow-ep502-sc">https://wisprflow.ai/lex **Fin:** AI agent for customer service. Go to [https://fin.ai/lex]( https://lexfridman.com/s/fin-ep502-sc">https://fin.ai/lex **LMNT:** Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to [https://drinkLMNT.com/lex]( https://lexfridman.com/s/lmnt-ep502-sc">https://drinkLMNT.com/lex **Shopify:** Sell stuff online. Go to [https://shopify.com/lex]( https://lexfridman.com/s/shopify-ep502-sc">https://shopify.com/lex **BetterHelp:** Online therapy and counseling. Go to [https://betterhelp.com/lex]( https://lexfridman.com/s/betterhelp-ep502-sc">https://betterhelp.com/lex **Perplexity:** AI-powered answer engine. Go to [https://perplexity.ai/]( https://lexfridman.com/s/perplexity-ep502-sc">https://perplexity.ai/ **OUTLINE:** (00:00) – Introduction (01:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:10) – Crisis in Psychiatry (37:48) – Categories of Mental Illness (45:07) – Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis (57:13) – The Ice Pick Lobotomy (1:03:26) – Malaria “Cure” for Syphilis (1:21:42) – Insulin Coma Therapy (1:29:34) – Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) (1:49:03) – One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (2:06:35) – Freud and Psychoanalysis (2:36:30) – WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (2:57:04) – Antipsychotics (3:20:24) – Antidepressants (3:33:18) – Future of Psychiatry **PODCAST LINKS:** – Podcast Website: [https://lexfridman.com/podcast]( https://lexfridman.com/podcast">https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: [https://apple.co/2lwqZIr]( https://apple.co/2lwqZIr">https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: [https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8]( https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8">https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: [https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/]( https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/">https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP\_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4]( https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP\_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP\_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: [https://www.youtube.com/lexclips]( https://www.youtube.com/lexclips">https://www.youtube.com/lexclips